Since the follicular lining in the pilo-sebaceous unit is intact before adolescence, it has been theorized that if colonization of Proprionibacterium acnes occurs in sufficient numbers they produce antigenic molecules that stimulate the initiation of inflammation. Proprionibacterium acnes can synthesize proteinases, lipase, and hyaluronate lyase all of which may act as the catalysts or initiators of the inflammatory infiltrate which is composed of neutrophils and lymphocytes.

Hormonal Cause of Acne

The key player in the cause of acne in adolescence is hormones. At this stage androgens interact with receptors on the sebaceous glands and cause stimulation of the sebaceous gland to hypertrophy and so form more sebaceous production of lipids and free fatty acids which distend the follicular canal. More specifically, there is evidence for increased peripheral metabolic transformation of the androgen testosterone to dihydrotestosterone at the level of the skin in people having acne.

How Acne Forms

The first lesion in this condition called acne vulgaris is the comedo. When in contact with oxygen the comedo becomes dark and forms what you know as a blackhead. The comedo is created by retention of layers of dead skin known as keratin in the lining of the follicles. In addition to hyperkeratosis (which is thickening or retained layers of keratin), there is an accumulation of sebum. The mixture of the keratin and the sebum leads to a plugging of the opening of the follicular canal, and papules are formed by inflammation around the comedones. Depending on the degree of inflammation, cysts, pustules, cars, nodules, granulomatous reactions, and keloids may develop.

Development of Acne

Inflammatory Response

Airborne contamination and other harmful elements further aggravate the inflammatory response. As bacteria start to grow within the clogged pore your defensive system reacts by releasing granulocytes and macrophages, which are types of white blood cells that destroy the bacteria. The inflammation process is needed to get rid of the continuing effects of excess bacteria and signal the body to repair the harm to tissues. Often times the defensive response system can't stop the reproduction of acne bacteria due to lack of white blood cells or an impaired system.

Activity of the Sebaceous Gland

When a comedo is clogging the exit of the sebum ducts, the sebaceous glands continue to produce sebum, which gathers in the sebum canal augmenting the comedo in size. The expansion in size produces pressure and leads to a more intense inflammation response in the nearby skin and creates discomfort, redness, swelling, and a mass (pimple, redhead, acne papule).

Growth of Acne Bacteria

The above conditions encourage the growth of bacteria and result in infection within the duct, the sebaceous gland, and nearby tissue. The commencement of the infection produces further inflammatory alterations, therefore beginning a cycle of accentuated obstruction of the outflow of sebum which leads to even more pressure, inflammation, and progressing infection making cysts and pustules to occur. The effect on skin tissues caused by such infections is very damaging and the healing process usually results in a scar.

Treatments For Acne

In order to find a good pimple remedy, you must keep in mind that everyone has different needs. Try various acne products, starting with the milder one, until you find what works for you. A good skin treatment can be the end of your acne.

Scars, imperfections and marks produced by various acne ailments can now be easily eliminated thanks to a biological skin care product made with a non-allergenic, non-irritant special ingredient for the regeneration of your skin.